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اهمیت صلوات فرستادن

فرستادن صلوات و سلام بر پیامبر و آل پیامبر(علیه السلام ) از طرف مؤمنین در حقیقت طلب کردن رحمت بر خودشان نیز است : زیرا در واقع پیامبر(صلی الله علیه و آله ) و ائمه (علیه السلام ) واسطه فیض الهی هستند. اگر بر آنها صلوات نفرستیم در واقع خود را از رحمت الهی محروم کرده ایم .

درود بر پیامبر سبب پاکی اعمال ونیز قبولی آنها می شود ، همچنین باعث اجابت دعاها وکفاره گناهان ونورانی شدن درقیامت وراه پیدا کردن به بهشت می شود .


معنا و مفهوم صلوات

صلوات

واژه صلاه ، صلوه و جمع آن صلوات به معنی نماز خواندن و درود و تحیت است. صلی الله علیه یعنی خداوند بر او درود فرستاد، در معجم الوسیط هم صلاه به معنای دعا است.

در تفسیر جوان آمده است که «چنانچه صلوات به خدا نسبت داده شود به معنی فرستادن رحمت است و هرگاه به فرشتگان و مومنان منسوب گردد به معنی طلب رحمت می باشد.»(تفسیر جوان/۷۱/ ۶۲۳)

 

معنای صلوات فرستادن خداوند بر پیامبر(ص) چیست؟ یعنی وقتی ما می گوئیم: «اللهم صل علی محمد و آل محمد»، از خداوند خواسته ایم که چه کاری بکند؟ مگر آنها در کمال مطلق نیستند؟

 

در قرآن کریم به مؤمنان دستور می دهد که به پیامبر درود و سلام بفرستند : « ان الله و ملائکه یصلون علی النبی یا ایها الذین امنوا صلوا علیه و سلموا تسلیما; خداوند و فرشتگان بر پیامبر درود می فرستند ای کسانی که ایمان آورده اید بر او درود بفرستید و سلام گویید و تسلیم فرمانش باشید »  (احزاب , آیه ۵۶).

مقام پیامبر آن قدر والا است که خدای سبحان و تمام فرشتگان برای او درود و سلام می فرستند و بهتر است مؤمنین هم در این آهنگ کلی هم نوا و هماهنگ شوند .

علاوه بر آن صلوات خدا به معنی فرستادن رحمت است و این گسترش دادن مقام معنوی پیامبر و آل پیامبر است و صلوات فرشتگان و مؤمنان به معنی طلب رحمت و مغفرت است و این هم خواستاری مقام و عظمت معنوی آنها است .

 

طلب کردن رحمت برای بندگان

ناگفته نماند فرستادن صلوات و سلام بر پیامبر و آل پیامبر(علیه السلام ) از طرف مؤمنین در حقیقت طلب کردن رحمت بر خودشان نیز است : زیرا در واقع پیامبر(صلی الله علیه و آله ) و ائمه (علیه السلام ) واسطه فیض الهی هستند. اگر بر آنها صلوات نفرستیم در واقع خود را از رحمت الهی محروم کرده ایم .

درود بر پیامبر سبب پاکی اعمال ونیز قبولی آنها می شود ، همچنین باعث اجابت دعاها وکفاره گناهان ونورانی شدن درقیامت وراه پیدا کردن به بهشت می شود .

در زیارت جامعه کبیره آمده:

« وجعل صلواتنا علیکم وماخصنا به من ولایتکم,طیبا لخلقنا,وطهاره لانفسنا,وتزکیه لنا,وکفاره لذنوبنا ...؛

وقرار داد درودهای مارا بر شماوآنچه را مخصوص گردانید بما از دوستی ومحبت شما بخاطر پاک گردانیدن خلقت ما وپاکیزگی برای جانهای ماوجهت پاکی روح ما وکفاره گناهان ما... .»

شخصی از پیامبر پرسید: صلوات فرستادن امت، ارسال تحفه ای است به نزد شما، آیا از جانب شما تحفه ای برای ایشان خواهد بود؟

آن حضرت فرمود:«امروز، صلوات امت بر من، تحفه ای است از ایشان برای من، و فردا، تحفه من برای ایشان، در بهشت خواهد بود.»

صلوات در آینه قرآن و کلام معصوم  علیه السلام

در سوره احزاب آیه ۵۶ خداوند با تاکید می فرماید: «خدا و فرشتگان او بر پیامبر اسلام درود می فرستند، شما هم ای کسانی که ایمان آورده اید بر او صلوات بفرستید، و آن طور که باید، تسلیم شوید.»

خداوند در این آیه تاکید می کند که ابتدا من و ملائکه بر پیامبر صلی الله علیه و آله و سلم صلوات می فرستیم و به پیروی از ما شما انسانها بر ایشان و آلش سلام و درود بفرستید.

صلوات

در حکمت ۱۶۳ نهج البلاغه آمده است «اذا کانت لک الی الله سبحانه حاجه فابدا بمساله الصلاه علی رسوله ثم سل حاجتک فان الله اکرم من ان یسال حاجتین فیقضی احدا هما و یمنع الاخری ؛ هرگاه از خدای سبحان درخواستی داری، بر پیامبر اسلام صلی الله علیه و آله و سلم درود بفرست سپس حاجت خود را بخوان، زیرا خداوند بزرگوارتر از آن است که از دو حاجت درخواست شده، یکی را برآورده و دیگری را بازدارد . »

تمام دعاهای صحیفه سجادیه نیز با صلوات آغاز می شود و یا پایان می یابد. در برخی از دعاها نیز در اواسط دعا، صلوات فرستاده شده است زیرا :

ائمه معتقدند صلوات، ذکر برآورده شدن حاجت است و در هر دعایی که صلوات فرستاده شود اجابت آن از سوی خدا حتمی است .

امام سجاد علیه السلام در دعای ۴۴ به کرات صلوات را تکرار کرده و دعا برای حفظ توحید، رسیدن به منزلت بالا در نماز، شناخت حرمت خدا را از خداوند مسالت می کند.

در قسمتی از این دعا می فرمایند:«اللهم صل علی محمد و اله، فی کل اوان وقت و کل و علی کل حال عدد ماصلیت علیه، و افعان ذلک کله بالاضعاف التی لا یحصیها غیرک، انک فعال لما ترید : بار خدایا بر محمد و آل محمد درود فرست، به شمار درودهایی که بر هر کس نثار فرموده ای و چندین برابر آن به چندین برابر که هیچ کس جز تو شمار آن نداند، که تو هر چه خواهی کنی.»

امام صادق  علیه السلام نیز در باب اهمیت صلوات می فرمایند:«کسی که شهادت بدهد خدایی جز خدایی یگانه نیست و اگر شهادت دهد که حضرت محمد صلی الله علیه و آله و سلم رسول خداست، ده هزار حسنه برای او نوشته می شود.» (ثواب الاعمال/ ۳۲)

 

کیفیت صلوات بر پیامبر اکرم صلی الله علیه و آله و سلم

در مورد کیفیت صلوات، روایات فراوانی است که درود و سلام بر پیامبر صلی الله علیه و آله و سلم را همراه با آلش مقبول می دانند.

این نوع کیفیت صلوات از منابع شیعه و سنی قابل اثبات است .

از حضرت علی  علیه السلام نیز روایت است که ایشان فرمودند «اصحاب گفتند ای رسول خدا چگونه بر شما صلوات فرستیم که فرمود «بگویید: خداوندا بر محمد و آل محمد صلوات فرست، همان گونه که بر ابراهیم و آل ابراهیم صلوات فرستادی، راستی که تو ستوده و والایی، و بر محمد و آل محمد فزونی بخش، همان گونه که بر ابراهیم و آل ابراهیم فزونی دادی، براستی که تو پسندیده و عظمایی» (کنزالعمال)

 

برکات و ثواب صلوات

در باب ثواب صلوات روایات فراوانی است که تاکید می کند ده هزار بار حسنه دارد، رحمت و برکت و لطف و کرامت خدا را به همراه دارد، معادل با پاداش و ثواب تسبیح و تکبیر خداست، ارتقاء درجه به همراه دارد، معادل سبحان الله و الحمدالله و لا اله الا الله و الله اکبر است.

صلوات برکات فراوانی را برای شخص بدنبال دارد که برکات صلوات را می توان به برکتهای دنیوی و اخروی تقسیم کرد.

در دنیا صلوات باعث برآورده شدن حاجت، ازدیاد مال، رفع فقر، بخشش گناهان، ادای قرض، خوشبو شدن، درمان فراموشی، رفع نفاق، نجات از سختی، تندرستی، خواب مقصود دیدن و درک امام قائم می شود.

برای اثبات برخی از موارد ذکر شده به کلام ائمه استناد می کنیم.

حضرت رسول اکرم صلی الله علیه و آله و سلم می فرمایند «صلوات فرستادن، فقر ر ابرطرف می کند»

از دیگر برکات حائز اهمیت صلوات از بین رفتن گناهان است، چنانکه امام رضا به نقل از رسول خدا می فرمایند:«الصلاه علی و علی اهل بیتی تذهب بالنفاق» «صلوات و درود بر من و خاندان من نفاق را از بین می برد».

و اما برکات اخروی صلوات را می توان به پنج مرحله تقسیم کرد. ۱- عالم برزخ ۲- قیامت ۳- پل صراط ۴- جهنم ۵- بهشت.

در قرآن کریم به مؤمنان دستور می دهد که به پیامبر درود و سلام بفرستند : « ان الله و ملائکه یصلون علی النبی یا ایها الذین امنوا صلوا علیه و سلموا تسلیما; خداوند و فرشتگان بر پیامبر درود می فرستند ای کسانی که ایمان آورده اید بر او درود بفرستید و سلام گویید و تسلیم فرمانش باشید »

1- عالم برزخ

مداومت بر صلوات، عذاب قبر را در عالم برزخ دور می کند، ظلمت گناه را از بین می برد، عذاب را از همه اهل قبرستان دور می کند، ثواب صلوات سنگین تر از گناهان است، صلوات، فریادرس ایشان در قبر است، چهره انسان را در برزخ نورانی و جان کندن را راحت می کند.

پیامبر اکرم صلی الله علیه و آله می فرمایند : «هر کس بر من صلوات زیاد بفرستد از تلخی مرگ و جان کندن ایمن گردد.»

 

2- قیامت

صلوات

از ائمه علیه السلام آمده که هر کس در دنیا مداومت بر صلوات داشته باشد خصوصاً در روز جمعه، صلوات، شفیع ایشان می شود در قیامت، همچنین صلوات بسیار، صلوات فرستنده را در روز قیامت نزدیک ترین فرد به پیامبر قرار می دهد، خداوند از هر جهت بر فرد نور می تاباند، هفتاد حاجتش را در قیامت برآورده می کند و او را در زیر عرش الهی قرار می دهد. همچنین این صلوات ها موجب سنگینی اعمال در قیامت و افضل اعمال محسوب می شود و ذخیره ای خوب برای ایشان در قیامت به حساب می آید.

از پیغمبر نقل است که فرمودند: «سه کس در روز رستاخیز آن روزی که سایه ای جز سایه خداوند نخواهد بود در زیر عرش الهی خواهند بود: «عرض شد: یا رسول الله آنها چه کسانی هستند؟»

فرمود: «آن کس که اندوه غمزده ای از امت من را برطرف سازد و کسی که سنت مرا زنده نماید و آن کس که فراوان بر من صلوات فرستد.»

 

3- پل صراط

صلوات، راهنمای انسان در هنگام عبور از پل صراط است و نوری است که راه را بر او روشن می کند، چنانکه رسول گرامی اسلامصلی الله علیه و آله و سلم می فرمایند: «اکثروا الصلاه علی فان الصلوه علی نور فی القبر و نور علی الصراط و نور فی الجنه : بر من بسیار درود بفرستید چرا که درود فرستادن بر من، برای صلوات فرستنده، نوری است در قبر و نوری است بالای صراط و نوری است در بهشت.»

از حضرت علی  علیه السلام نیز روایت است که ایشان فرمودند «اصحاب گفتند ای رسول خدا چگونه بر شما صلوات فرستیم که فرمود «بگویید: خداوندا بر محمد و آل محمد صلوات فرست، همان گونه که بر ابراهیم و آل ابراهیم صلوات فرستادی، راستی که تو ستوده و والایی، و بر محمد و آل محمد فزونی بخش، همان گونه که بر ابراهیم و آل ابراهیم فزونی دادی، براستی که تو پسندیده و عظمایی»

4- جهنم

صلوات انسان را از گرمای جهنم مصون می دارد و مانعی است در ورود به آتش جهنم .

رسول خدصلی الله علیه و آله و سلم فرمودند: «لن یلج النار من صلی علی و من نسی الصلوه علی فقد أخطأ طریق الجنه ؛ آن کس که بر من درود بفرستد، داخل آتش نخواهد گردید و هر کس درود فرستادن بر من را فراموش کند، از راه بهشت به خطا خواهد رفت.»

 

5- بهشت

صلوات فرستندگان در بهشت، حورالعین نصیبشان می شود، دوست پیامبر در بهشت شده و هفتاد هزار قصر بهشتی دریافت می کنند، شراب سلسبیل می نوشند، در زمره خواص پیامبر وارد بهشت می شوند.

شخصی از پیامبر پرسید: صلوات فرستادن امت، ارسال تحفه ای است به نزد شما، آیا از جانب شما تحفه ای برای ایشان خواهد بود؟

آن حضرت فرمود:«امروز، صلوات امت بر من، تحفه ای است از ایشان برای من، و فردا، تحفه من برای ایشان، در بهشت خواهد بود.»

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