هماوردگاه

ماه رمضان در ایران باستان

روزه داری در آیین ایرانیان زرتشتی و ریشه های باستانی آداب ایرانیان درمراسم ماه رمضان

روزه داری در آیین ایرانیان زرتشتی

در آیین زرتشت، زرتشتیان باید در سه بخش معنوی شنوایی، اندیشه و احساس همیشه روزه باشند، به آن معنا که از طریق این سه حس از نیکی دور نشوند و اندیشه و احساس و شنوایی آنها همواره سرشار از نیکی باشد، اما مؤمنان رزتشتی به منظور عدم افراط در تناول گوشت حیوانات روزهای دوم و دوازدهم و چهاردهم و بیست و یکم هر ماه خورشیدی از خوردن گوشت پرهیز می کنند. همچنین زرتشتیان پس از مرگ یکی از نزدیکان، به مدت سه شب از پختن یا خوردن گوشت پرهیز می کنند.

ریشه های باستانی  آداب ایرانیان درمراسم  ماه رمضان

شگفتی ایرانیان این بوده و هست که ریشه های باستانی باورهای  خود را در هر شرایطی حفظ می کنند و آداب و فرهنگ پسندیده  خود را در هر مقطعی با لباس جدید حفظ می نمایند.

بدون شک پسندیده بودن و نیک بودن این آداب بوده که باعث پذیرش آنها از سوی اقوام مختلفی شده که هر از چند گاه ایران را به تسخیر خود در آورده اند. اگر میترائیسم با لشگریان رومی به اروپا میرود ،باورهای پارسی در نزد اعراب فاتح باقی میماند ترکان خوارزمی زبان ایرانی می یابند  و مغولان شمنی به دیانت اسلام در می آیند ، همه و همه از توانایی و نیکی فرهنگ و باورهای پارسی است که در هر شرایطی ققنوس وار از خاکستر حوادث بر می خیزد.

 در تعامل باورهای باستانی ایران و دیانت اسلام ، آداب و رسوم ایرانی ماه رمضان از جمله این امورهستند که علاوه بر سرزمین ایران در برخی دیگر از مناطق مسلمان نشین نیز منتشر شده اند و در نوع خود جالب توجه هستند .

یکی از این آیین ها  “نقاره زنی” در شب حلول ماه رمضان یکی از  این سنت ها است که بر طبق شواهد تاریخی  از دوران  باستان در ایران  رواج داشته و پس از ورود اعراب به ایران رنگ و بوی اسلامی به خود گرفته است. مراسمی که  با زدن طبل  همراه است .

دکتر “اردشیر صالح پور” مدرس دانشگاه هنر درباره سنت “نقاره زنی” می گوید: “سنت نقاره زنی به ایران باستان باز می گردد، حرمت و تقدس خورشید همواره برای ایرانیان مد نظر بوده و هر گاه هنگام غروب خورشید به چاهسار مغرب فرو می رفته همواره از بیم این که مبادا برنیاید، تشویشی در دل آنها ایجاد می شد و برای ازدیاد نور و برکت خورشید، شروع به نقاره زنی می کردند. بعدها همواره در کسوف و خسوف هم بر طبل های برنجی می کوفتند و این تصور عامیانه را داشتند که خورشید در خلق اژدهای شب فرو رفته و شب دارد او را می بلعد.”

وی با اشاره به تاریخ و  قدمت برگزاری این مراسم از قول هرودوت، مورخ یونانی می افزاید: “نقاره زنی به هنگام جنگ یکی از سنت های رایج هخامنشیان بوده و در دوره ساسانیان با کرنا نوازی همراه بوده است. پس از اسلام، دیلمیان اولین حکومت اسلامی هستند که خلفای بغداد را وادار می کنند از آیین نقاره نوازی به گاه اذان و شامگاه و صبحگاه استفاده کنند و این نخستین آمیزه فرهنگ ایرانی و اسلامی است. این سنت تداوم پیدا می کند و این دو نوبت نوازی (شامگاه و صبحگاه) به سه نوبت و چهار و پنج نوبت می رسد” .

 دکتر صالح پور با اشاره به این که این سنت تا قرن دهم کم کم فراموش شد، به احیای مجدد آن در دوره صفویان اشاره می کند و می افزاید: “در دوره صفویان که یک حکومت مذهبی سر کار می آید از نقاره زنی برای تهییج لشگر استفاده می شود. در دوره قاجار شاهد توجه جدی به نقاره زنی هستیم که در میدان ارگ سلطنتی ناصرالدین شاه سر در نقاره ای است که آن جا نقاره می نواختند”

مصرف شیرینی و خصوصا”  زولبیا و بامیه یکی دیگر از آداب ایرانیان در ماه رمضان است که در برخی کشورهای دیگر نیز تکرار می شود .

میدانیم که یزد مرکز شیرینی ایران و در عین حال از دیرپای ترین نقاط زرتشتی نشین این سرزمین است که بسیاری از شیرینی های استفاده شده در جشن ها و سفره های زرتشتی در این شهر به یادگار مانده اند.

برخی از شیرینی‌های معروف و خوشمزه یزدی عبارت اند از: باقلوا، لوز بیدمشک، لوز پسته، لوز نارگیل، قطاب، پشمک، نان برنجی و حاجی بادام و زولبیا و گوش‌فیل که از این میان زولبیا و گوش فیل در ماه رمضان مرسوم شده اند و در انتقال به سایر نقاط ایران بامیه پزی  نیز به این شیرینی اضافه شده است .

در گذشته در ایران رسم بوده که پس از افطار، مردم به دید و بازدید هم  می رفتند  و گاهی تا وقت سحر دور هم می نشستند  و تنقلاتی مانند رنگینک،  زولبیا و بامیه می خورند.رسمی که زندگی ماشینی امروز و گرفتاریهای شغلی آنرا کم رنگ نموده است .

در شیراز،که از دیگر مناطق باستانی ایران محسوب می شود رسم بوده که  خانواده هایی که دختری را شوهر داده باشند، در اولین ماه رمضان پس از عروسی، خود را موظف می دانند تا افطاری کاملی به نام “روز والون” تهیه کنند و همراه با گلی برای عروس بفرستند.

 “رمضان خوانی”  یا  “الله رمضونی”   نیز یکی از سرگرمی های بچه ها و جوانان در ایام ماه مبارک رمضان در برخی از مناطق کشور است .

در خراسان کودکان و نوجوانان در ایام ماه رمضان در گروه های مختلف و تحت سرپرستی یک نفر به در منازل می روند و با خواندن شعرهایی، از صاحب خانه تقاضای شیرینی و خوردنی می کنند، شعرهایی که در این مراسم خوانده می شود به نام “رمضانی”  مشهور است و معمولا توسط سرگروه خوانده می شود .

مردم گیلان نیز آداب خاصی برای ماه رمضان دارند . توجه داشته باشیم که گیلان و مازندران یا همان دیلم و طبرستان از مناطقی هستند که تا مدتها لشگریان عرب موفق به تصرف آن نشدند و باورهای ایرانی در آن باقی ماند و پس از آن نیز همواره مامن و ماوای سادات شیعی بوده اند .

 در گیلان  چند روز قبل آغاز ماه رمضان با روزه دارى به پیشوازاین ماه مى روند که در اصطلاح محلى به آن آیین “پیشاشو”   گفته می شود. درماه رمضان سفره خانواده هاى گیلانى نیز نسبت به ماههاى دیگر سال تغییرمى کند و غذاهاى مقوى جاى غذاهاى کم پروتئین را می گیرد.

 بسیارى از خانواده هاى گیلانى در این ماه براى افطار یک نوع شیرینى محلى تهیه می کنندکه به آن “رشته و خوشکار” می گویند. در پخت این نوع شیرینى ازآرد برنج ، شکر ، مغز گردو و ادویه جات معطر استفاده می شود و استفاده ازآن به دلیل برخوردارى از گلوکز و پروتئین گیاهى موجود در مغر گردو بسیار نیرو بخش است.

 غذاهای ماه رمضان در هر گوشه از ایران زمین، مردم هر خطه در ماه رمضان، غذاهای خاصی می پزند و برای افطار و سحر تدارک ویژه ای می بینند. تناول غذا و برگزاری این ماه با جشن و شادمانی تکرار سنت شادخواهی باستانی ایرانی در دیانت اسلام است و اشتراکات زیبایی از باورهای اهورایی ایرانیان باستان با سنت های ربانی اسلام را به نمایش می گذارد.

1 دیدگاه

  1. Another year http://banlaophen.go.th/stmap_54xzbfos.html?copegus.coumadin.cialis sandoz-tamsulosin cr Massachusetts is the leading laboratory for health care reform in the nation, and a hub of medical innovation. From the lab to your doctor’s office, from the broad political stage to the numbers on your scale, we’d like CommonHealth to be your go-to source for news, conversation and smart analysis. Your hosts are Carey Goldberg, former Boston bureau chief of The New York Times, and Rachel Zimmerman, former health and medicine reporter for The Wall Street Journal.

  2. What’s the interest rate on this account? http://www.gregahern.us/stmap_31fqfoiz.html?amoxapine.auvitra.levitra.amlodipine achat creme progesterone naturelle People for decades have shopped at WalMart to save a few dollars. They may think they are better off for it but should realize some facts before purchasing in their stores. They pay wages so low 20% of their workforce is on public assistance, SNAP, medicaid, housing subsidies, with nearly all using the EIC. Over 90% of the manufactured goods come from China with WalMart execs telling buyers to use Chinese suppliers. WalMart sales of Chinese made has closed thousands of US factories. The 6 Walton billionaires have more total dollars than 150 million Americans together. They have discriminated against women in their workforce (conservative SCOTUS said single cases, class action suits are not allowed)m have cheated workers out of overtime, have hired part timers to replace full timers to avoid paying benefits. Americans that harm America for more money are like our modern day Benedict Arnolds using the boardroom as their weapon.

  3. Recorded Delivery https://baurzhan.kz/stmap_31monane.html?herbolax.furazolidone.viagra lotrel 10-20 mg capsule Surprisingly, the duo also received sponsorship from Warranty Direct. This quote from Warranty Direct’s MD Donald McClure sums up our shared concern beautifully: “When we were first approached for sponsorship and realised that they would be driving a Land Rover we were somewhat sceptical.  Our Reliability Index shows the Land Rover Discovery as one of the more unreliable vehicles covered by Warranty Direct”.

  4. What do you do? https://parqtowns.com/stmap_19xorppt.html?catapres.viagra.alendronate norfloxacin price philippines Joseph Usatch, a history teacher at Brooklyn’s I.S. 311, applied timely CPR and helped save a 6-year-old’s life. And Tricia Moses, a third-grade special education teacher at P.S. 233 in Brooklyn, is fighting a rare auto-immune disease. With a lung transplant scheduled, she put it off — to help her young ones get ready for state reading exams.

  5. Insufficient funds http://www.kobify.com/stmap_19zwkycw.html?levitra.entocort.lopid.vpxl walgreens imodium Gillard pushed through the carbon tax in a bid to gain needed support from the minor Greens party, despite a campaign promise not to do so. The government defended the move as a necessary weapon against climate change. Australia is one of the world’s worst greenhouse gas emitters per capita because of its heavy reliance on massive coal reserves to generate electricity.

  6. Would you like to leave a message? http://banlaophen.go.th/stmap_31fqfoiz.html?lignocaine.aceon.levitra.baclofen propranolol adhd reddit Among the challenges states are encountering are the technological requirements to allow buyers to search for insurers, rates and benefits on the exchanges. Others are training state employees to administer the program and marketing it to millions of Americans, all during a time of strained state budgets. Marketing employees were often among the first to lose their jobs.

  7. It’s OK http://www.kobify.com/stmap_31monane.html?betamethasone.bupron.triphala.cialis free dilantin level range Construction crews are wrapping-up work on the new eastern span of the Bay Bridge, where electronic message signs are ready to greet commuters driving across for the first time, in Oakland, Calif. on Monday, Sept. 2, 2013. Caltrans expects to open the bridge to commuters on Tuesday at 5 a.m., but may possibly open it several hours earlier if work is completed ahead of schedule.

  8. I came here to work http://devinswany.com/stmap_54yebbug.html?levitra.ceftin.trihexyphenidyl ivermectin how to make Which raises the question: we’ve already seen a substantial reduction in total fixed-income returns. If the virtuous cycle is now becoming a vicious cycle, should we expect the numbers to continue to deteriorate for years and even possibly decades to come? Is it possible that in the wake of many years of consecutive positive bond-market returns, we might start seeing a bunch of back-to-back negative returns going forwards?

  9. The National Gallery https://backendsalonsn.volkeno-tank.com/stmap_54xzbfos.html?doxazosin.toprol.cialis bisoprolol dosage for heart failure The national disaster department said it was offeringassistance to residents in flood-affected areas, including theprovision of life-jackets and boats. Those living in low-lyingareas have been advised to move to higher ground. (Additional reporting by Apornrath Phoonphongphiphat andAukkarapon Niyomyat; Editing by Alan Raybould and Paul Tait)

  10. How many days will it take for the cheque to clear? https://nca-api.whagons.com/stmap_19zwkycw.html?triphala.clindamycin.levitra.cipro is there a generic substitute for combivent Lunch participation was “down a little this past year, and it probably has to do with the kids getting used to a little different, healthier options,” says Leah Schmidt, president of the School Nutrition Association, a non-profit professional organization representing school food-service professionals. Some more affluent schools may have opted out of the program because they either couldn’t or didn’t want to meet the government’s nutrition standards, she says.

  11. Your cash is being counted http://telemedicin-stage2-demo321-com.stage2.demo321.com/stmap_31fqfoiz.html?levaquin.pletal.viagra.methoxsalen obat apakah meloxicam itu The divergence between the United States and other major economies is clear in bond markets, with 10-year Treasury yields spiking 23 basis points on Friday to around 2.75 percent, highs last seen in August 2011. The spread between Treasury and bund yields gapped to the widest since 2006.

  12. Another service? https://api.covidfollowupportal.negarit.net/stmap_31fqfoiz.html?levitra.anadoil.septilin.levonorgestrel voltaren salva farligt 22. and 23. Nihad Yusef Jundiyeh and Mohamed Mahmoud Hamdiyeh, who were arrested in July 1989 for the murder of Jewish contractor Zalman Shlein. The two minors stabbed Shlein to death with a knife after traveling with him to a construction site where he was building a house. They also beat him with an iron pole.

  13. Would you like a receipt? https://godaniofficial.com/stmap_19zwkycw.html?levitra.zeagra.cabergoline.estrogens tolperisone hydrochloride diclofenac sodium tablets The game was played as a strong storm swept across the Pacific Northwest, cutting power to more than 26,500 customers in Oregon. It was a sloppy mess on the field, with eight fumbles — four for each team — in the first half alone. The Ducks handled the soggy conditions better, building a 41-3 halftime lead.

  14. I’m training to be an engineer https://asianwhiteskin.com/stmap_38ilarsy.html?viagra.geriforte.lozol.felodipine hydroxyzine oral solution ip uses in hindi Gascón and Schneiderman, however, stopped short of calling the feature the end-all and be-all of smartphone and tablet security. “While it is too early to tell if Activation Lock will be a comprehensive solution to the epidemic of ‘Apple Picking’ crimes that have victimized iPhone and iPad owners around the world,” they write, “we believe it is a step forward and strongly urge iPhone users to download iOS 7, and most importantly, ensure they utilize both an Apple ID and Find My iPhone.”

  15. Could you tell me the number for ? https://remixtheearth.com/stmap_38qnpxzx.html?cialis.ticlid.arcoxia.nootropil tretinoin and clindamycin gel supatret c Similarly, while 60 percent say the country’s headed on the wrong track – a sentiment with a strong economic component – that’s down from a recent high of 77 percent in fall 2011 and a record 90 percent in fall 2008. As not-great as things are, they’ve been worse, a point Obama may seek to make on his campaign-style tour focused on economic issues this week.

  16. I’ve just graduated https://richards.energy/stmap_72yxfzej.html?fluconazole.ondansetron.triamcinolone.viagra para que sirve el doxycycline 100 mg Yes. So Phil, this is Carl. I will take that. So first of all, as I indicated in my prepared remarks, the management in cloud management business is still one of our fastest growing product areas in the company. And we continue to see that in Q3. And we expect to see that here in Q4. One of the ways we can see that pretty easily is just look at the strength that we are seeing in our vSOM business, which is vSphere with Operations Management as well as our vCloud Suite, which a large percentage of the vCloud Suite is comprised of our cloud management products. So we see customers continuing to invest in our cloud management solution.

  17. I’d like to pay this in, please https://techflashes.com/stmap_38qnpxzx.html?nymphomax.glycomet.cialis sirop claritine The complaint seeks to represent Apple employees who have worked in the company’s U.S. stores within the past three years. Lawyers handling the lawsuit also are looking to expand the complaint to represent Apple employees in the company’s California and New York stores for even longer periods because of differences in those two states’ laws.

  18. I work with computers http://theparenteer.com/stmap_15nrpill.html?antabuse.propafenone.cialis bula tadalafila 5mg pdf The one criticism of Brothers’ puzzles is they lack peril. Invisible walls stop you slipping off high peaks, and jumping is automatic. Most tasks are fairly self explanatory, too; you don’t so much decipher as you do simply experience, and rarely will you stop to think. Keep on your guard, though. Like Limbo, death disturbs, inflicting ragdoll trauma on adolescent protagonists, and although rare, it’s enough to earn this a ‘blood and violence’ PEGI warning. Piercing the tranquility, death is jarring. And suitably so.

  19. How long have you lived here? https://saaralfoods.com/stmap_38ilarsy.html?lotensin.indinavir.viagra.noroxin voltaren retart kokemuksia There are obstacles, but the perceived difficulties of non-military options should not mean that the United States and the international community should abandon hope of bringing perpetrators to justice or pressuring the Assad regime and all actors to accept a negotiated political solution. Not only is it the right thing to do, but the American people are demanding it. 

  20. Could you tell me the number for ? https://www.amecco.org.ar/wp/stmap_38ddgxdq.html?levitra.selegiline.ursodeoxycholic vitamin b12 kur spritzen He was indicted by the Special Court for Sierra Leone in March 2003. He resigned a month later and fled to Nigeria in exile, where he remained for three years before being taken into custody as he tried to cross from the Nigerian border into Cameroon. The case was moved to the Netherlands due to concerns that the trial would destabilize the West African region.

  21. Have you got a current driving licence? https://saaralfoods.com/stmap_38ilarsy.html?prilosec.anadoil.viagra.aripiprazole carafate generic name “The odds were definitely against me, for sure,” Simms said. “I knew that going into it. But as I got more reps and as I did good things with those reps, my confidence grew. That allowed me to play a little bit looser. When you’re out there having fun and not really thinking, for some reason bad things don’t seem to happen as much. I wasn’t stressing as much either. I was enjoying myself.”

  22. I’d like to pay this in, please http://www.surfinglabenne.com/stmap_15vkkger.html?celexa.tenoretic.levitra.amaryl nystatin and triamcinolone for yeast infection Mullin is mentioned in the lawsuit that A-Rod filed last week in Manhattan Supreme Court – which names MLB and baseball commissioner Bud Selig as defendants – alleging that Mullin purchased stolen Biogenesis documents for $150,000 in cash and that MLB did not file the “required IRS form 8300 for a cash transaction in excess of $10,000.” The suit also alleges that Mullin “engaged in an inappropriate sexual relationship with a witness whom he himself interviewed about the Biogenesis matter.”

  23. We need someone with experience https://richards.energy/stmap_72yxfzej.html?cialis.furoxone.actigall injection of pyridoxine hydrochloride methylcobalamin and nicotinamide Unfair challenge on Jordi Amat by Magnus Eriksson results in a free kick. Caution for Magnus Eriksson. Free kick taken by Jordi Amat. Nathan Dyer fouled by Ferreira Ricardinho, the ref awards a free kick. Ferreira Ricardinho is booked. Jonjo Shelvey crosses the ball in from the free kick. Clearance made by Pontus Jansson.

  24. I’d like to take the job https://mokameleman.com/stmap_72yxfzej.html?vasotec.methylcobalamin.glycomet.cialis prednisolone sodium metasulfobenzoate suppliers The Mount Sinai Health System combines Mount Sinai — a highly specialized academic medical center — with Continuum’s community-oriented hospitals: Beth Israel Medical Center in Manhattan and Brooklyn, St. Luke’s and Roosevelt Hospitals in Manhattan, and New York Eye and Ear Infirmary.

  25. Could I order a new chequebook, please? http://theparenteer.com/stmap_38ilarsy.html?lexapro.assurans.viagra clobetasol 0.05 cream price in india Rockstar Games has stated that Grand Theft Auto Online has been designed “for the vast majority of players who will not buy extra cash.” Also, they emphasize that  you won’t need to spend real cash to buy the guns, clothes, cars, etc., available in the game, though you “can if you wish to get them a little quicker.”

  26. What university do you go to? https://saaralfoods.com/stmap_15nrpill.html?dutasteride.levitra.tazalis januvia amaryl combination “The prices families have to pay keep on rising faster and faster than the wages they are paid,” Mr Miliband is expected to say. “And, as a result, the market in payday lending has doubled in just four years. Almost a third of the payday loans taken out in Britain at the moment are to cover the cost of people’s gas and electricity bills.”

  27. Your account’s overdrawn https://www.lynnesilver.com/stmap_24pkcjjq.html?lamotrigine.didronel.fildena.cialis cataflam crema en base de gel “When I got into Vancouver I evaluated the intelligence which we received from several sources. I decided then and there to continue back to Caracas and drop the New York trip to protect a key goal: safeguarding my physical integrity, protecting my life,” the president said, after he had returned to Venezuela.

  28. What do you do? http://allphotobangkok.com/stmap_24pkcjjq.html?levitra.nifedipine.sumatriptan.hytrin clarithromycin online kaufen The basis of the battle system, too, feels a touch like Mass Effect. You’ll take two squadmates into every skirmish. You’ll control a special agent fella named William Carter, in standard third-person shooter fashion, and Carter will deliver instructions to his mates via something called the Battle Focus Wheel, which will also look familiar to Mass Effect gamers. (Not that 2K stole this from Mass Effect. The PC version will make heavy use of hotkeys, 2K’s Joveth Gonzalez told me, and in previous console iterations, devs experimented with decision trees.)

  29. Sorry, you must have the wrong number http://www.kodiakmetalworks.com/stmap_37whvkrr.html?albenza.atomoxetine.levitra.diflucan patanjali ashwagandha ke fayde aur nuksan CMS referred questions about who would work and whatACA-related functions would be affected by a shutdown to OMB. Ina statement, OMB spokesman Steven Posner said “agencies arestill in the process of reviewing relevant legal requirementsand updating their plans. Determinations about specific programsare being actively reviewed as agencies undertake this process.”

  30. real beauty page http://photosintesi.com/stmap_24ssxciv.html?cialis.vigora.tulasi para que sirve el flagyl suspension 125 mg For Kidd, pretty soon there won’t be any time for keeping late hours, unless it’s to start preparing for the Nets’ next opponent. He wants to make the most of having Williams, Kevin Garnett, Paul Pierce, Joe Johnson and Brook Lopez as a starting quintet that could challenge the Heat, Bulls and Pacers for the top spot in the East. So he says he’s going to do what the job calls for.

  31. One moment, please https://www.burleighbears.com.au/stmap_18jbbvts.html?cialis.septra.mefenamic-acid.actoplus allopurinol 300mg pil crescent The good news and the bad news is we’re not so different from Pavlov’s dogs. If we use the ability to condition our response to thought, we can reap tremendous benefits; if we allow ourselves to simply play into existing conditioning, we know just how detrimental that can be. From a neuro-psychological perspective we can see why TM really does work. And while learning the method can be a bit on the expensive side, it may be well worth the long-term return.

  32. We’re at university together https://www.canadabusinessdirectorylistings.com/stmap_37iydmeb.html?levitra.macrobid.yagara.xeloda dosage of ivermectin for cancer “He went down, and a guy with his background, his experience, he did a lot of things a lot of guys wouldn’t do,” the manager continued. “He went to extended spring, he was down (in Port St. Lucie) during all the hot months. He played A-ball, he played rookie ball. He stood his ground, because he knew he was gonna get back.”

  33. Insert your card https://www.burleighbears.com.au/stmap_24pkcjjq.html atarax +urup fiyat– The moves were announced during a visit to China byBritain’s finance minister George Osborne, who is seeking tohelp London retain its leading role as a financial centre in theface of competition from Singapore, Frankfurt and other citiesvying to be approved by Beijing as a designated centre forclearing yuan trades outside of China.

  34. I don’t know what I want to do after university https://altreluci.com/stmap_37whvkrr.html?desloratadine.viagra.repaglinide micardis images The issue of gun control divided the Illinois Democratic party, which holds large majorities in the legislature, along urban-rural lines. Some lawmakers from Chicago voted against concealed carry because they feared the new law would make it harder to control a wave of gun violence in the nation’s third largest city. Rural lawmakers, where hunting is popular, strongly supported concealed carry.

  35. Do you know the number for ? http://photosintesi.com/stmap_24ssxciv.html?cialis.metoprolol.silymarin ranitidine recall uk liquid No reality show could compete with the density, intensity and mania of this plot. In fact, watching the story today makes TLC seem like the natural precursors to “The Real Housewives of Atlanta.” Not only do they beat the housewives in attitude, they provide the historic starting point for Atlanta’s later role as an entertainment capital hot enough to rival the coasts.

  36. The National Gallery https://pjreporters.com/stmap_24wriwom.html?cialis.ritonavir.stavudine ciprofloxacino 500 mg para perros “Again, you know what? I know where he is and all that stuff and I guess that’s all I’m going to leave it at,” Ryan said toward the end of his press conference following the first day of traning camp. Ten minutes earlier, Ryan had said, “I said what I said about Mike, and I’m just going to leave it at that. I don’t really want to get into the specifics and what I know and all that kind of stuff.”

  37. I’m at Liverpool University http://photosintesi.com/stmap_24ssxciv.html?atomoxetine.viagra.cardizem ivermectin kitten dose “London 2012 proved we are capable of planning and delivering complex and innovative infrastructure projects with local and national cross-party support,” he said. “We did it right for the Games and now we need to apply the lessons we’ve learned to other areas and services we need to improve to cope with the challenges ahead.”

  38. Where do you come from? https://www.ebbersgroenprojecten.nl/stmap_37iydmeb.html?adalat.clindamycin.viagra.cymbalta xenical 120mg prospect Al Kelly, the understated, bespectacled CEO of the Super Bowl XLVIII host committee, negotiated his way through a mobile tour Wednesday afternoon at high noon in Lot 28 at the Meadowlands. He spun three times in the touchdown dance exhibit and spiked the ball, ran through a smoke-filled tunnel and eyed the target hanging over fake grass. It was a circle decorated to double as a snowflake. It was 88 degrees outside.

  39. I’m about to run out of credit http://www.kodiakmetalworks.com/stmap_24wriwom.html?bupropion.precose.levitra depo-medrol zawiesina do wstrzykiwania opinie In Egypt today, thousands of Muslim Brotherhood supporters protested against the military ouster of President Mohammed Morsi. But this time, there was no violence. Crowds massed in several cities after Friday prayers, waving flags and chanting slogans. At the same time, a popular Muslim cleric insisted Morsi’s followers will never accept the country’s interim leadership.

  40. I study here https://www.canadabusinessdirectorylistings.com/stmap_18jbbvts.html?cialis.hyzaar.mevacor himalaya ashwagandha benefits for height As the director of the Interfaith Center of New York, a community organization that has for more than a decade worked with public institutions and grass-roots faith leaders from at least 15 different religious traditions, I have seen firsthand the professionalism of the NYPD’s Hate Crimes Task Force. And the department’s Clergy Liaison Program, enrolling more than 500 religious leaders citywide, has helped bridge community-precinct divides.

  41. I stay at home and look after the children http://adamdesautels.com/stmap_18jbbvts.html?colospa.divalproex.norlutate.viagra cardura xl pret Nicks is also widely considered to be the Giants’ best receiver, even though Cruz has had better numbers. And on the open market No. 1 receivers have been getting $10-11 million per season. Nicks has a long history of injuries, though, including foot and knee injuries that limited him to 53 catches for 692 yards and three touchdowns in 13 games last season, which could complicate his market value.

  42. I sing in a choir https://www.canadabusinessdirectorylistings.com/stmap_18jbbvts.html?differin.cialis.desloratadine.vardenafil lexapro and grapefruit Presenting a nuanced story about Finn losing his life while away at college provides not only the opportunity for “Glee’s” cast and crew to work through their grief but also offers a unique and powerful moment for young Americans who are struggling with the same demon Cory faced in his hotel room — heroine, specifically and its prescription cousin, Oxycontin. 

  43. Could you give me some smaller notes? https://www.burleighbears.com.au/stmap_18jbbvts.html?lady-era.cialis.betamethasone.estrogens ivermectin 12 mg tablet uses in bengali China Mobile Ltd., the world’s largest phone company,dropped 3.4 percent in Hong Kong after posting its biggestprofit decline since 1999. Shinhan Financial Group Co. fell 2.9percent after BNP Paribas SA was said to be selling shares ofSouth Korea’s biggest bank at a discount. BHP Billiton Ltd., theworld’s No. 1 mining company, gained 2.4 percent in Sydney afterincreasing its forecast for iron-ore production.

  44. History http://allphotobangkok.com/stmap_18jbbvts.html?poxet.yagara.levitra.duphalac clopidogrel placta 75mg The Intermediate People’s Court in the eastern Chinese city of Jinan said in a short posting Wednesday on its verified microblogging account that the verdict will be announced Sunday at 10 a.m. The court held a five-day trial for Mr. Bo last month on charges of bribery, embezzlement and abuse of power in an unusually open hearing that captivated politically minded Chinese.

  45. I do some voluntary work https://www.canadabusinessdirectorylistings.com/stmap_24pkcjjq.html?cialis.ginseng.lignocaine.fairness esomeprazole gastro resistant You always have to point something out: A 4-3 record through seven games proves nothing lasting about your team, does not guarantee you a big game in December for one minute, doesn’t even win door prizes. It was another Ryan — Matt — who told me going into the Jets-Falcons game, “As far as I know, not a single trophy has ever been handed out in September and October.”

  46. Enter your PIN http://www.kodiakmetalworks.com/stmap_24wriwom.html?dramamine.levitra.crixivan allopurinol mercury drug They’re niggles, rather than a deal-breakers, and it isn’t long before you figure out where everything is placed. Which is good, as my clear case of attention deficiency means I’ve rarely managed to get the the nub of Pokemon’s battling. There are different ‘types’ of Pokemon: the traditional Fire, Water and Grass, plus Fairy types, Ghost types, electric and so on, making for an ever-increasingly complex game of Rock, Paper, Scissors. Each has strengths and weaknesses against specific types, and figuring out what they are is the Pokemon trainer’s greatest trick.

  47. Why did you come to ? https://endydaniyanto.net/stmap_37whvkrr.html?pristiq.levitra.flutamide kamagra tjejer The most unfair issue of them all were that the three establishment parties behind closed doors were allowed to barter their way to governing the country and for two of them to stitch up an agreement that nobody had voted on. The most undemocratic part of the last election was that the electorate had a coalition imposed on them that nobody formally voted for!

  48. How do you spell that? https://www.canadabusinessdirectorylistings.com/stmap_24pkcjjq.html?fenofibrate.cialis.success.carbonate yasmin pille zusammensetzung And as far as the price point argument goes, I think Valve already addressed it.  They said that there will be a whole array of different choices.  One may see that as a paralyzing world of choices, but I see that as a good thing that I get choices.  Some people may already have a $5000 water-cooled rig , so they don’t need a powerful machine in the living room.  Those people will probably have an option of getting a stripped down box, like a Roku that will stream only.  Others may want a beefy box in the living room.  I’m sure there will be an option for them as well.  

  49. I’d like , please http://adamdesautels.com/stmap_37iydmeb.html?toprol.malegra.levitra olmesartan hctz 40-25 side effects Infections from the amoeba are rare. Florida officials cited federal statistics showing that 28 infections were reported in the U.S. from 2003 to 2012, mostly from exposure to contaminated recreational water. A person cannot be infected with the amoeba by drinking contaminated water, state officials said, and the amoeba is not found in salt water.

  50. Photography https://4dretailtech.com/stmap_94gyirtx.html?tadadel.levitra.topiramate suhagra 50 mg how it works “I did a lot of research before I bought. I knew Wokingham well and the development is within a five-minute walk of the station and near good schools, so I knew it would be ideal for tenants. Wokingham is very commutable to London and there is phenomenal demand for rental property,” says Bill, who has a 50 per cent loan to value mortgage on each property. His annual yield is around 7.5-8 per cent gross and the flats have also risen in value since he bought, now selling for about £۲۲۵,۰۰۰٫

  51. We were at school together http://bankdataelog.kemkes.go.id/apps/message buy celexa baikal pharmacy
    A: Excitement! At fancy dinner parties, people will burn their fingers because they are so excited just to move their food around on a salt block. They want to touch it. There is a tactility and an immediacy to having this giant white hot block of 600-million-year-old salt on a table that turns us all into apes. It’s just this gorgeous, luminous thing.

  52. Not in at the moment https://ppe.unc.edu/page/2/?s=Baikal%20Online%20Pharmacy%20%E2%AD%90%20www.Pills2Sale.com%20%E2%AD%90%20Buy%20Celexa%20Baikal%20Pharmacy%20Com%20-%20Buy%20Celexa%20Baikal%20Pharmacy buy celexa baikal pharmacy com One of the most surprising discoveries has been the number of non-native species of flora and fauna that are so prolific in the countryside, from the Himalayan balsam to the American crayfish that have all but wiped out their British counterparts, after being knowingly introduced into our waters. The balance of the countryside changes like the great British weather.

  53. Thanks for one’s marvelous posting! I actually enjoyed reading it, you could be a great author. I will ensure that I bookmark your blog and may come back at some point. I want to encourage you to continue your great job, have a nice day!|
    hi http://jlskdjflksdjf.net